Title Slide

Project Image &

Partner Names

3 Precedents that informed your design (Form, Assembly, Materials)

Concept Statement

(Most Recent)

Sketch Collage

(Scanned)

Prototypes (at least 3)

with Description

Next Steps

1

2

3

4

5-9

10

You and your partner should prepare 10 -12 slides showing your project progress.

SUGGESTED MID-REVIEW TEMPLATE

PLANTER BOX

PPE REVIEW

Always :

Hair Ties

Closed Toe Shoes

Eye Protection

When Needed:

Ear Protection

Mask / Respirator

USE THE RIGHT GEAR FOR THE TASK AT HAND

Learning Goal I

Measuring Marking + Cutting

Tools Slide for measuring + marking



• Squares
• Pencils
• Markers
• Rulers

Material Dimensions

1 Pine board

(1" x 4" x 12")

Material Dimensions

2 Baltic Birch Sheets

(1/8" x 6" x 3")

Tools Slide for cutting

Clamp

Kinds of Hand Saws

*

*

*

Blueprint for bird box

Cut the 12" board into 3 lengths.

1 -- 4" length

2 -- 3" lengths

Learning Goal II

Drilling and Fastening

Assembly

Use Screws to Attach A and B

Glue Side C

Nail Side D

D

C

A

B

Screws

Glue

Nails

Materials and Instructions for Drilling + Fastening

Countersinks + Wood Screws

Learning Goal II

Sanding + Finishing

Materials and Instructions for Sanding and Finishing

Stain, Saturator, Finish (Food safety, etc)

WHAT WE ARE DOING

WHY WE ARE DOING IT

Envision what your project can look like by sketching and lo-fi prototyping.

To visually explain your concept and nurture hands-on crafting skills, which will be vital throughout the studio.

ACTIVITY MATERIALS

Begin by writing your concept statement for your project by first answering the following questions:



1. What is the type of play you are trying to encourage?
2. Why is this play experience meaningful to both children and adults?
3. How could this play experience be facilitated through your furniture's form + features?

After answering those questions, consolidate all your ideas into 1 thesis statement including your answers above and answering the following:



• What is the "soul" of your project?

Describe the idea of the project in conceptual terms. This should paint a conceptual picture in the readers' minds.

~10 min

1

Create your own scale figures for a child (40" tall) and an adult (68" tall). Cut out pieces from paper or chipboard. Assemble using brads or 3mm nuts.

These figures are designed to be cut at 1:6 scale.

2

~30 min

Think about the physical relationship between the child and adult:

How are they interacting in this design?

What kind of positions are they taking?

Are they on the same eye level? Are they on the floor?

Pose your scale figures in different positions to think about how the relationship and play might change

BODY LANGUAGE

Individually, in your sketchbook or on a piece of white paper, do your best to sketch what your furniture will look like.

Things to consider as you sketch:

• Form (What shapes make up your design?)
• Assembly (How is it put together?)
• Materials used
• Scale (How do human fit into this design - try to include scale figures in your sketches when possible)

Each team should aim to have at least 30 different sketches!

~45 min

3

Remember to think DIVERGENTLY!

There are many ways to approach the same concept.

Prompt:

Design a cow mug...

Working in your teams, decide on at least 5 ideas to prototype.

Using low-fidelity prototyping methods and materials, build your models at 1:6 scale. Use your scale figure as a guide to determine proportions and dimensions.

Aim to have at least 5 completed prototypes by the end of day!

4

~2 hours

WHAT WE ARE DOING

WHY WE ARE DOING IT

We are learning to sketch like product designers.

So we can quickly think through, test, and communicate how real, buildable objects work.

؜FINAL PROJECT EXPECTATIONS

+

+

+

You will produce a set of technical sketches for a handheld product design.

You will use multiple sketch types (perspective, orthographic, exploded, interaction).

Your sketches will clearly communicate scale, parts, and function through drawing and annotation.

Studio Skills

Sketching

Concept Development

Visual thinking

Iteration

Creative Thinking

Engagement and Persistence

+

+

+

+

+

+

You will need:

؜Bristol Papers (180g)

Wax/Butter/Tracing Paper

Metal Ruler

Pens

Pencils

Markers

SPRINT MATERIALS

You will need:

WHAT KIND OF SKETCHING?

The point of sketching in our case is not beautiful artistic rendering but rather learning to communicate visually.

Every sketch should help answer:

How big is it?

What is it made of?

How does it work?

How do parts connect?

DESIGN PROCESS SKETCHING

Ideation Sketches

Used to generate and develop ideas quickly.

Explorative Sketches

Used to explore and refine concepts in more detail.

Explanatory Sketches

Used to explain and communicate ideas clearly to others.

؜FIRST: WARM-UP

Let's draw vertical lines on an A4 paper and horizontal lines on another A4 paper without using a ruler.

Why?

Drawing is a physical skill that improves with repetition, not precision.

Tips!

Use your elbow

Move your whole arm, not just your wrist or fingers.

Draw fast

Going faster helps your lines look smoother and more confident.

Use smooth strokes

Try one long line. no short lines!

Turn your paper

rotate the paper when it feels natural.

Aim!

Put a dot where you want to start and end your line.

Line Weights

Thinner lines are typically construction lines, and the thicker the line is it is understood as an visible out. The solid lines are used mainly to define the shape and size of a structure or object.

The type of line indicates different things in an orthographic drawing.

Line Types

Remember the previous tips

and

Draw as many as you can!

؜FIRST: WARM-UP

Now let's use the same rules to draw basic shapes.

؜FIRST: WARM-UP

Now let’s use these drawing rules to draw basic shapes.

Draw:

Boxes

Cylinders

Cones

Pyramids

Don’t worry about perfection.

Draw as many shapes as you can.

SHADOWS

Shadows

Have you noticed that things look bigger if they are close to you and smaller if they are further away?

This is perspective. It is perspective that helps make things look three dimensional and creates a sense of space receding into the distance.

PERSPECTIVE

Horizon Line: This is the imaginary line where the sky meets the ground.

Vanishing Point: Imagine looking down a straight road. everything seems to get smaller and closer together as it goes further away. The point where everything seems to meet or disappear is called the vanishing point.

PERSPECTIVE

PERSPECTIVE

؜Before we draw real objects, we’ll practice drawing cubes.

Cubes help us: Understand how objects sit in space.

Practice drawing depth Keep our drawings consistent

Almost every product can be built from cube-like forms.

Draw a horizontal line on your paper; let’s call this the horizon line.

Place two points on the horizon line and label them A and B.

Draw angled lines from points A and B, let's call the cross point C, these lines will form the corners of the base.

First Cube

From the points where the lines from A and B intersect, draw two vertical lines going upward.

From points D and E, draw two lines towards the vanishing points; these lines will form the top surface.

Highlight the visible edges to complete the drawing.

First Cube

In 1-point perspective:

One face of the cube faces you

All depth lines go to one vanishing point

The front face stays flat and square

This is useful when:

An object is facing you straight on

You want a clear, simple view.

؜1 Point Perspective

Activity: Draw as many cubes as you can using one vanishing point.

In 2-point perspective:

You see two sides of the cube

Each side points to a different vanishing point

Vertical lines stay vertical

This is useful when an object is turned or angled You want a more realistic sense of space

2 Point Perspective

Activity: Rotate your cube and draw it again using two vanishing points.

SCALE

Showing scale helps people quickly understand how big an object is, how it might be used, and whether its size feels practical, comfortable, or surprising.

Activity: Try to draw a simple object in all 3 scales. Make something tiny or huge!

Orthographic Drawing is a collection of 2 Dimensional drawings that give an accurate overall presentation of an object.

A:

What is Orthographic Drawing?

The glass box technique is a drawing method that imagines an object inside a transparent box so you can project its edges and key points onto different sides to create accurate orthographic views.

First we imagine a box surrounding our object

Then we project our object onto one side of the box

GLASS BOX TECHNIQUE

We can do this for every side of the object

GLASS BOX TECHNIQUE

Choose Your Object. It will be your turn now!

First we take a picture of our object

Then we draw a box around the object

GLASS BOX TECHNIQUE

Choose Your Object. It will be your turn now!

Project lines following the side of our box

؜now we can use that to draw our front view

GLASS BOX TECHNIQUE

؜Most of the time, the products we use are not simple enough to be defined by just one basic shape. Often, the basic building block has cutouts and protrusions. A simple way to create cutouts is through projection.

DRAWING ON OUR OWN

Rules:

No butter paper

No tracing

Start with a box then refine

Required:

1 perspective sketch

Activity:

Try to draw the object in 3D now.

DRAWING ON OUR OWN

Rules:

Begin with a basic shape-based structure

Modify proportions

Add only necessary features

Include one orthographic view

then try:

Changing height

Tilting planes

Combining volumes

Activity:

Design a small handheld object that solves a simple problem.

DRAWING ON OUR OWN

Pair up and let a friend describe to you their favorite toy.

Try to draw the toy from the description.

Compare the original toy to your final result!

POLICE SKETCH CHALLENGE

WHAT WE ARE DOING

WHY WE ARE DOING IT

We are learning to sketch like product designers.

So we can quickly think through, test, and communicate how real, buildable objects work.

؜FINAL PROJECT EXPECTATIONS

+

+

+

You will produce a set of technical sketches for a handheld product design.

You will use multiple sketch types (perspective, orthographic, exploded, interaction).

Your sketches will clearly communicate scale, parts, and function through drawing and annotation.

Studio Skills

Sketching

Concept Development

Visual thinking

Iteration

Creative Thinking

Engagement and Persistence

+

+

+

+

+

+

You will need:

؜Bristol Papers (180g)

Wax/Butter/Tracing Paper

Metal Ruler

Pens

Pencils

Markers

SPRINT MATERIALS

You will need:

WHAT KIND OF SKETCHING?

The point of sketching in our case is not beautiful artistic rendering but rather learning to communicate visually.

Every sketch should help answer:

How big is it?

What is it made of?

How does it work?

How do parts connect?

DESIGN PROCESS SKETCHING

Ideation Sketches

Used to generate and develop ideas quickly.

Explorative Sketches

Used to explore and refine concepts in more detail.

Explanatory Sketches

Used to explain and communicate ideas clearly to others.

؜FIRST: WARM-UP

Let's draw vertical lines on an A4 paper and horizontal lines on another A4 paper without using a ruler.

Why?

Drawing is a physical skill that improves with repetition, not precision.

Tips!

Use your elbow

Move your whole arm, not just your wrist or fingers.

Draw fast

Going faster helps your lines look smoother and more confident.

Use smooth strokes

Try one long line. no short lines!

Turn your paper

rotate the paper when it feels natural.

Aim!

Put a dot where you want to start and end your line.

Line Weights

Thinner lines are typically construction lines, and the thicker the line is it is understood as an visible out. The solid lines are used mainly to define the shape and size of a structure or object.

The type of line indicates different things in an orthographic drawing.

Line Types

Remember the previous tips

and

Draw as many as you can!

؜FIRST: WARM-UP

Now let's use the same rules to draw basic shapes.

؜FIRST: WARM-UP

Now let’s use these drawing rules to draw basic shapes.

Draw:

Boxes

Cylinders

Cones

Pyramids

Don’t worry about perfection.

Draw as many shapes as you can.

SHADOWS

Shadows

Have you noticed that things look bigger if they are close to you and smaller if they are further away?

This is perspective. It is perspective that helps make things look three dimensional and creates a sense of space receding into the distance.

PERSPECTIVE

Horizon Line: This is the imaginary line where the sky meets the ground.

Vanishing Point: Imagine looking down a straight road. everything seems to get smaller and closer together as it goes further away. The point where everything seems to meet or disappear is called the vanishing point.

PERSPECTIVE

PERSPECTIVE

؜Before we draw real objects, we’ll practice drawing cubes.

Cubes help us: Understand how objects sit in space.

Practice drawing depth Keep our drawings consistent

Almost every product can be built from cube-like forms.

Draw a horizontal line on your paper; let’s call this the horizon line.

Place two points on the horizon line and label them A and B.

Draw angled lines from points A and B, let's call the cross point C, these lines will form the corners of the base.

First Cube

From the points where the lines from A and B intersect, draw two vertical lines going upward.

From points D and E, draw two lines towards the vanishing points; these lines will form the top surface.

Highlight the visible edges to complete the drawing.

First Cube

In 1-point perspective:

One face of the cube faces you

All depth lines go to one vanishing point

The front face stays flat and square

This is useful when:

An object is facing you straight on

You want a clear, simple view.

؜1 Point Perspective

Activity: Draw as many cubes as you can using one vanishing point.

In 2-point perspective:

You see two sides of the cube

Each side points to a different vanishing point

Vertical lines stay vertical

This is useful when an object is turned or angled You want a more realistic sense of space

2 Point Perspective

Activity: Rotate your cube and draw it again using two vanishing points.

SCALE

Showing scale helps people quickly understand how big an object is, how it might be used, and whether its size feels practical, comfortable, or surprising.

Activity: Try to draw a simple object in all 3 scales. Make something tiny or huge!

Orthographic Drawing is a collection of 2 Dimensional drawings that give an accurate overall presentation of an object.

A:

What is Orthographic Drawing?

The glass box technique is a drawing method that imagines an object inside a transparent box so you can project its edges and key points onto different sides to create accurate orthographic views.

First we imagine a box surrounding our object

Then we project our object onto one side of the box

GLASS BOX TECHNIQUE

We can do this for every side of the object

GLASS BOX TECHNIQUE

Choose Your Object. It will be your turn now!

First we take a picture of our object

Then we draw a box around the object

GLASS BOX TECHNIQUE

Choose Your Object. It will be your turn now!

Project lines following the side of our box

؜now we can use that to draw our front view

GLASS BOX TECHNIQUE

؜Most of the time, the products we use are not simple enough to be defined by just one basic shape. Often, the basic building block has cutouts and protrusions. A simple way to create cutouts is through projection.

DRAWING ON OUR OWN

Rules:

No butter paper

No tracing

Start with a box then refine

Required:

1 perspective sketch

Activity:

Try to draw the object in 3D now.

DRAWING ON OUR OWN

Rules:

Begin with a basic shape-based structure

Modify proportions

Add only necessary features

Include one orthographic view

then try:

Changing height

Tilting planes

Combining volumes

Activity:

Design a small handheld object that solves a simple problem.

DRAWING ON OUR OWN

Pair up and let a friend describe to you their favorite toy.

Try to draw the toy from the description.

Compare the original toy to your final result!

POLICE SKETCH CHALLENGE

؜WHAT WE ARE DOING

؜WHY WE ARE DOING IT

Generate several project ideas for a semester course in the form of “concept statements.”

To build and expand on the ideas of others and creative innovative solutions for a desk design

؜ACTIVITY MATERIALS

؜paper

pencil

Fine marker pens

C

ابتكر العديد من الأفكار، ولا تتوقف عند فكرة واحدة أو اثنتين. هذا ليس الوقت المناسب لتحديد ماهية مشروعك، بل هو وقت لمشاركة أكبر عدد ممكن من الاحتمالات لما يمكن أن يكون عليه.

لا تقلل من شأن أفكار الآخرين عند مشاركتها؛ فانتقاد الأفكار في وقت مبكر جداً قد يجعل الناس يشعرون بالخجل ويمنعهم من التحدث. نريد أن نكون خاليين من الأحكام عند العصف الذهني.

شارك أفكاراً يمكنك بناؤها واختبارها، وليست خيالية. الأفكار الجامحة جيدة، ولكن إذا كانت الفكرة لا يمكن اختبارها في الاستوديو الخاص بنا، فهي ليست الخيار الصحيح. لا يمكننا بناء حقائب طائرة، أو إطلاق أشعة ليزر، أو السفر عبر الزمن. ما الذي يمكنك بناء نموذج أولي قابل للاختبار له؟

خطوات العصف الذهني

10 دقائق

15 دقائق

30 دقائق

؜

عصف ذهني فردي عصف ذهني جماعي المشاركة مع الفصل الدراسي

انظر إلى الشريحة التالية وحاول كتابة أكبر عدد ممكن من الأفكار بمفردك أولاً. حاول التفكير في هوايتك أو نشاطك المفضل وتخيله كقطعة أثاث.

كفصل دراسي، ستشرعون في إجراء عصف ذهني لأنواع مختلفة من الأثاث، والألعاب، والمساحات، ثم تنشئون روابط بين هذه الأعمدة الثلاثة لتطوير فكرة مفهوم. (تكوين المجموعات)

كن مستعداً لمشاركة بعض من أفكارك المفضلة. سيتحدث الجميع ويرسمون على اللوحة البيضاء. شارك أكبر عدد ممكن من الأفكار الفريدة.

سهولة البناء

القدرة على تحمل التكاليف

المتانة

المميزات

الراحة

+

+

+

+

؜WHAT WE ARE DOING

؜WHY WE ARE DOING IT

Generate several project ideas for a semester course in the form of “concept statements.”

To build and expand on the ideas of others and creative innovative solutions for a desk design

؜ACTIVITY MATERIALS

؜paper

pencil

Fine marker pens

BRAINSTORMING STEPS

10 MINS

15 MINS

30 MINS

Individual silent thinking

Preparing writing + drawing

Group idea jam pinup 

Write down as many possible ideas as you can. Try to think of an idea for each of your five senses and for many different activities and abilities.

Develop a few of your ideas by drawing what they would look like. How is it worn on your body? How would you describe it to the rest of the studio?

Be prepared to share a few of your favorite ideas. Everyone will speak and draw on the whiteboard. Share as many unique ideas as possible. 

GROUP BRAINSTORMING RULES

Come up with many ideas, do not stop at 1 or 2. This is not a time to decide what your project will be, it is a time to share as many possibilities of what it could be. 

Do not put down other's ideas when they share. Critiquing ideas too soon could cause people to be self-conscious and not want to speak. We want to be judgement free when brainstorming.

Share ideas that you can build & test, not fantasy.  Wild ideas are good, but if the wild idea cannot be tested in our studio, it is not the right choice. We cannot build jetpacks, shoot lasers, or time travel. What could you build a testable prototype of?

TIME TO BRAINSTORM!

Ease of Build

Affordability

Durability

Functions

Safety and Comfort

+

+

+

+

ماذا نفعل

لماذا نفعل ذلك

"افحص سوابق تصميم المكاتب والأثاث من خلال خمسة عناصر تصميم أساسية."

"لبناء مكتبة جماعية من الأفكار، والأمثلة، والاستراتيجيات التي يمكننا التعلم منها واستخدامها لإلهام تصاميمنا الخاصة."

مواد النشاط

ورق

قلم رصاص

قلم تحبير

لابتوب

"في علامة تبويب 'الموارد'، ستجد مجموعة صغيرة من المشاريع النموذجية لكل عنصر تصميم: سهولة البناء، والمتانة، والقدرة على تحمل التكاليف. استخدم هذه المجموعة كنقطة انطلاق، ثم قم بإجراء بحثك الخاص للعثور على سوابق إضافية لتصاميم المكاتب أو الأثاث أو المنتجات المتعلقة بالعنصر المخصص لمجموعتك."

1st

"بعد ذلك، أجب عن الأسئلة التالية في علامة تبويب 'الاستجابة':

ما هو عنصر التصميم الذي تركز عليه مجموعتك؟

ما هي المشاريع السابقة (السوابق) التي راجعتها؟

ما هي الأفكار أو الميزات أو الاستراتيجيات التي برزت في هذه الأمثلة؟

كيف يعالج كل مشروع عنصر التصميم المخصص لك؟

ما هي الدروس المفيدة التي يمكن أن توفرها هذه الأمثلة لتصميم مكتب مدرسي؟

احفظ مجموعة من الصور وأنشئ عرضاً تقديمياً لتصاميمك المختارة."

"سنشارك جميعاً دراسات الحالة الخاصة بنا في عرض تقديمي قصير. سيؤدي ذلك إلى بناء مكتبة لمشاريع الأثاث للاستوديو."

؜2nd

3rd

قالب العرض التقديمي

اسم المشروع + المصمم/ين

"وصف الميزات الأساسية"

المواد وتقنيات التجميع

مخطط لتفصيل دقيق أو تفاعل رئيسي

؜WHAT WE ARE DOING

؜WHY WE ARE DOING IT

؜Examine desk and furniture design precedents through five key design elements.

؜To build a collective library of ideas, examples, and strategies that we can learn from and use to inspire our own designs.

؜Activity Materials

Paper

Pencil

Fine Markers

Laptop

؜In the 'Resources' tab, you will find a small collection of example projects for each design element: Ease of Construction, Durability, and Affordability. Use this collection as a starting point, then conduct your own research to find additional precedents for desk, furniture, or product designs related to your group's assigned element.

1st

؜Next, answer the following questions in the 'Response' tab:

1. Which design element is your group focusing on?
2. Which past projects (precedents) have you reviewed?
3. What ideas, features, or strategies stood out in these examples?
4. How does each project address your assigned design element?
5. What useful lessons can these examples provide for the design of a school desk?
6. Save a collection of images and create a presentation of your selected designs.

؜We will all share our case studies in a short presentation. This will build a library of furniture projects for the studio.

؜2nd

3rd

؜Presentation Template

؜Project Name + Designer(s)

"Description of Key Features"

Materials & Assembly Techniques

؜Diagram of a fine detail or key interaction

؜ما الذي نصنعه

لماذا نصنع ذلك

مجموعة متنوعة من رسومات الأثاث التاريخي

الرسم هو الأداة الأولى في جعبة أدواتنا التصميمية

مواد النشاط

؜ورق

قلم رصاص

أقلام تحبير

إحماء للرسم

للبدء، سنقوم بتمارين "إحماء" من خلال متابعة فيديو تعليمي لرسم أربع قطع أثاث. مدة الفيديو 7 دقائق، لذا سيكون لديك متسع من الوقت للعودة وإضافة التفاصيل. قبل أن نبدأ الفيديو، قم بتقسيم ورقة واحدة إلى أربعة أقسام (مربعات).

"تابع المقطع بالسرعة التي تناسبك، ولا تقلق إذا شعرت أنك متأخر قليلاً (عن سرعة الفيديو)."

"هيا بنا نبدأ!"

5-10 min

"خذ بعض الوقت لإنهاء رسوماتك."

"لقد انتهينا للتو من رسم 4 مخططات في غضون 8 دقائق تقريباً (بمعدل دقيقتين لكل رسمة)."

"رسوماتنا القادمة سنخصص لها 5 دقائق لكل رسمة (4 رسومات)."

20 min

؜نصائح للسكيتش

خطط لحجم الرسمة على الصفحة قبل أن تبدأ في رسم أي شيء

ابدأ بالأشكال الكبيرة والعامة أولاً قبل إضافة أي تفاصيل

ابدأ بخطوط رصاص خفيفة جداً، ثم أعد المرور عليها بخطوط داكنة، سواء بقلم الرصاص أو بقلم اللباد

الجدول الزمني للتصميم

"سنقوم الآن برسم أربعة كراسي تمتد عبر الـ 100 عام الماضية من تاريخ التصميم. سنخصص خمس دقائق لرسم كل كرسي بعد التعرف على الحقبة الزمنية التي ينتمي إليها."

1990

1956

1928

1902

1

كرسي "كالفيت" (Calvet Armchair)

أنطونيو غاودي، إسبانيا

"مستوحى من الأشكال الطبيعية مثل المنحنيات الانسيابية للنباتات والأزهار."

1902

الفن الجديد

1902

بناء برج إيفل (1887)

معرض باريس (1900)

فورد موديل تي (1908)

الحرب العالمية الأولى (1914–1918)

الفن الجديد

كرسي "كالفيت" (Calvet Armchair)

أنطونيو غاودي، إسبانيا

1902

سكيتش

2

الحداثة

كرسي LC2 لو كوربوزييه، سويسرا

"يتميز بأشكال جريئة، وزوايا حادة، وزخارف محدودة."

1928

1928

تصويت النساء في الولايات المتحدة (1920) اكتشاف البنسلين (1928)

الكساد الكبير (1929)

مبنى إمباير ستيت (1931)

الفن الجديد

كرسي LC2 لو كوربوزييه، سويسرا

1928

سكيتش

3

؜عصر الفضاء

كرسي "توليب" (Tulip Chair)

إيرو سارينين، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية

"يتميز باستخدام البلاستيك أو الألياف الزجاجية (الفايبر جلاس) كمكون أساسي، مع وجود منحنيات ناعمة."

1955

1955

نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية (1939 - 1945)

إطلاق القمر الصناعي سبوتنيك (1957)

مسيرة واشنطن (1963)

قانون الحقوق المدنية (1964)

؜عصر الفضاء

كرسي التوليب (الزنبق) إيرو سارينين، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية

1955

سكيتش

4

عضوي الشكل



كرسي لوكهيد لاونج مارك نيوسن، أستراليا

"أنماط أو أشكال تحدث بشكل طبيعي، وتُذكرنا بالطبيعة والكائنات الحية."

1990

1990

اختراع الإنترنت (1988) إطلاق غيم بوي في الولايات المتحدة (1990)

حرب الخليج (1990)

رعب عام 2000 التقني (2000)

عضوي الشكل

كرسي لوكهيد لاونج مارك نيوسن، أستراليا

1990

سكيتش

1990

1956

1928

1902